Spring MVC 学习笔记1 入门

Spring Web MVC是一种基于Java的实现了Web MVC设计模式的请求驱动类型的轻量级Web框架，前端控制器是DispatcherServlet；应用控制器其实拆为处理器映射器(Handler Mapping)进行处理器管理和视图解析器(View Resolver)进行视图管理；页面控制器/动作/处理器为Controller接口（仅包含ModelAndView handleRequest(request, response) 方法）的实现（也可以是任何的POJO类）；支持本地化（Locale）解析、主题（Theme）解析及文件上传等；提供了非常灵活的数据验证、格式化和数据绑定机制；提供了强大的约定大于配置（惯例优先原则）的契约式编程支持。

这里我们实现一个简单的登录模块，登录后地址转为 http://domain.com/USER_NAME

采用 Maven 包管理系统，pom.xml 添加如下内容

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  <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <spring.version>3.2.7.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
          <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.1</version>
          <scope>provided</scope>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
          <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
          <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
          <version>2.2</version>
          <scope>provided</scope>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
          <groupId>jstl</groupId>
          <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
          <version>1.2</version>
      </dependency>


      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>

  </dependencies>

web.xml，这里我的工程名为 spitter

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<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
         version="3.0">
    <display-name>Spring MVC Spitter</display-name>
    
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>spitter</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>spitter</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/spitter-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

</web-app>

spitter-servlet.xml

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<beans ...>

    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <context:component-scan base-package="io.github.josephpei.Controller" />
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />

    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
        <property name="order" value="2" />
    </bean>
</beans>

控制器 HomeController

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@Controller
public class HomeController {
    @RequestMapping(value={"/", "/home"}, method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String hello() {
        return "home";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public ModelAndView loginCheck(@RequestParam("name") String name, @RequestParam("pass") String pass) {
        String userPage = "redirect:" + name;
        return new ModelAndView(userPage);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/{name}")
    public ModelAndView userPage(@PathVariable String name, Model model) {
        model.addAttribute("name", name);
        return new ModelAndView("success");
    }
}

home.jsp

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<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Home Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<hr/>
<h1>Login Page</h1>

<form action="login" method="post">
    <table>
        <tr>
            <td>Name</td>
            <td><input type="text" name="name"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Password</td>
            <td><input type="password" name="pass"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td><input type="submit" value="Submit"></td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</form>
</body>
</html>

success.jsp

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<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Success</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome, <c:out value="${name}"/>!</h1>

</body>
</html>

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